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History Of Data Base Management Systems/relational Database
There is an argument that the use of databases can be traced back to early on days of electronic calculation. Charles Bachman is one of the early contributors of DBMS and he is widely accredited to invention of Database Task Group in the 1960s with the help of a group called Codasyl. This later turned out to be what was referred to as Codasyl approach because it was founded on the physical navigation with related dataset shaped into a huge system. International Business Machine (IBM) is also said to have developed DBMS system referred to as IMS in the year 1968. This system was widely and stringently used as a hierarchical database. However both Charles Bachman’s and IBM’s approaches were later referred to as navigational databases and this term was coined from how the data was retrieved and accessed using these databases. In fact in the year 1973 Charles Bachman won the Turin Award known as The Programmer as Navigator. (Broverman and Croft, 1985)
Vital Contributions in the field of DBMS
There are various contributions to the DBMS which resulted to the program being effective and efficient manager within any organization that utilizes the program in its day to day activities. These vital contributions include the following:
Modeling language which is used to describe the representation of every catalogue hosted in the Database Management System information form. Under this there are four mainly widespread kinds of organizations that is; hierarchical, object, relational, and network forms. An organization may utilize a database management system which encompasses single or more of the above four forms. An organizational most favorable arrangement relies entirely on the normal organization of the relevance data, expenses, consistency, and sustainability of the program or form adopted. (Murphy, 1999)
The other vital contribution is that of structures of data which include fields, records, files, and objects specifically designed to handle extremely greater quantities of information amassed on lasting records storage devices. The other contribution is that of database query language which gives the users an opportunity to interrogatively cross-examined the catalog, scrutinize its records plus bringing up to date it regarding to the clients rights on information that is being accessed. This query language also plays a major role of controlling the database whereby it ensures that retrieving the information or data by those users that are not allowed to do so cannot get access to such data. The key to achieve such security to these databases have been the utilization of passwords whereby the users of computer programs enter their passwords and this will prevent anyone from accessing that data. A good example here is that of information related to financial activities of the organization secured through use of passwords and only financial officers and senior managers may be given the passwords so that they can access them while other employees in the organization cannot access the information. (Bransford, Goldman and Hasselbring, 1996)
The other vital contribution is that of transaction mechanism that guarantees what is referred to as data integrity of the information within an organization. This development is considered to be of great significance in that despite those users allowed to access the data through the use of passwords they cannot change or alter the information or data they access. This implies that information will be consistent and there will be no manipulation by computer users who wishes to fulfill their selfish gains. To enhance data integrity also this program is designed to avert duplication of any records kept in the database. This can best be manifested whereby users of the information are given different user numbers or what are called key fields.
Impact of contributions of DBMS to Business
Global events and competition affects almost all modern businesses and organizations are increasingly facing challenges as a result of the ever changing technologies in the world. The economic and political linkages involving the migration of money, products, and people across national boundaries together with ideas and values have increased the pace of change, ambiguity, uncertainty, and unpredictability in the contemporary business world. Because of invention of advanced technology such as the use of internet through utilization of database management systems the world has increasingly become a village and as a result global business is the modern form of business in this 21st century.
Generally when database management systems are used in any business organization it is easy to retrieve any recorded transactions or customer information required. The use of database management system and particularly the use of MySQL program has led to using less time in trading activities, this is because retrieving of the information in many organizations have been made easier by the use of such systems because they are reported to be fast unlike when book keeping or use of spreadsheet programs are utilized. The utilization of e-commerce has enhanced the use of these systems because customers no longer need to travel to their clients but instead they can send the information trough internet and order any products or services from them at their own convenient time. (Barbic and Carli, 1984)
The use of database management system has boosted the activities in the modern business world in that these systems especially MySQL are designed to hold or store large amount of information. Unlike the use of spreadsheet MySQL program has the larger capacity to store large amount of information meaning any business organization using these systems can store their records in one program with use of low space which also can easily be retrieved by the users.
Generally the use of database management systems and especially MySQL are considered to be cost effective over long-term. Although many may argue that buying of computers and installation of computer programs might be expensive it is considered to be cheap over a longer period in that the organization will use the program for longer time and only updates are made whenever necessary unlike book keeping where you have to continue buying stationeries to keep the records and might be cumbersome to locate the information of customers transacted a few years back. (Broverman and Croft, 1985)
The use of spreadsheets does not foster future growth unlike the database management systems like MySQL program. Under this, we all know that businesses strive fore growth and expansion and the use of DBMS can only foster this in that businesses can utilize the concept of globalization and diversify to other areas. This activity will require retaining the old customers as well as attracting new ones; to retain the old customers and to serve them effectively and efficiently their past information should be easily traced and retrieved whenever needed. The information of the new customers will be stored in the systems too and these means firms have an opportunity to expand without doing away with old customers The storage of information by organizations through the use of spreadsheet have been questioned over the recent past by many people. (Bransford, Goldman and Hasselbring, 1996)
In fact research indicates that many organizations have shifted from storing information using spreadsheets and instead utilize the use of DBMS as a result of confidentiality that they need in order to run there operations effectively. With use of spreadsheets the security of the data is questioned because many computer users can access the information and manipulate to fit their desires unlike the use of DBMS where data integrity is ensured through use of passwords and there is difficulty in manipulating or editing the information without the permission of the owners or in this case the management.
Modern examples in the DBMS field
We cannot only attribute globalization to development of DBMS but also to development of new technologies within any organization in a country. There are various examples on the application of DBMS to modern way of carrying out business and has led to efficient and effective results, for example the payment of salaries to employees by their employers. Under this large organizations with large number of employees have kept the 9information regarding to there employees using the database management systems. This has made it easier to the employers to update there payrolls without much difficulty a process which has led to less complains from employees regarding to their dissatisfactions because the use of DBMS has proved to be effective and efficient. (Barbic and Carli, 1984)
The use of DBMS has also been utilized in learning institutions whereby any information for every student is stored and can easily be retrieved when required. With information incase of any emergencies for example if a student is engaged in bad activities parents can be traced easily because the information regarding to that student can easily be retrieved from his/her details that he/she filled on the registration day. Also in the learning institutions payment of fees has been subjected to these systems such that students can know their fee balances without difficulty or without having to prove using all the receipts that he/she was issued with. Another example of database management systems use is that of booking tickets by travelers for example in the aviation industry e.g. payment of flight charges. It gives an opportunity to travelers to book in advance and when there date of departure there records can easily be retrieved with ease and with less time.
Conclusion
The witnessing of technology transformation alongside with alterations experienced in the trading environment has led to a reconsideration of fundamental archival assumptions, thoughts, and methods. The use of spreadsheets in storing and retrieving information has led to a lot of deficiencies such as spending longer hours in retrieving the information and limited storage of information space. The use of DBMS is an efficient way of keeping such information because it captures nearly all trading dealings, safeguard inviolate proceedings for longer periods, and safeguard complete records and completely acknowledging proceedings or records within the organization. (Broverman and Croft, 1985)
We can therefore deduce that there is greater need to understand and utilize computer programs such as database management systems and particularly MySQL in order to achieve the organizational effectiveness in the company in regard to keeping up to date information and much attention should be directed to people, structure, technology and the environment.
About the Author
The author Linda Miller has academic writing experience of over ten years. She holds a PHD in education from Harvard. She has been assisting students in writing professional academic papers including thesis, dissertations, research papers and term papers. braviaresearchpapers.com
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