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Phonics Rules
What is Phonics?
Phonics or generally termed as phonetics, is the division of linguistics concerned with the production, physical nature, and perception of speech sounds. The main fields of study are experimental phonetics, articulatory phonetics, phonemics, acoustical phonetics, and auditory phonetics. Auditory phonetics is the field involved in determining how speech sounds are perceived by the human ear.
What Phonics Rules Should I Know?
English as we know is a vast and complex language that there are many phonic rules that should be learned and used. Learning such rules which are commonly used and applied can greatly help improving your comprehension in your reading skills. Remember that there are instances that some of these words do not apply in certain rules. Be very cautious so that you will be able to determine words with such exceptions.
Here are the some simple but most of the useful phonics rules you should know:
1. For a one syllable word that ends in a consonant and has only one vowel, that vowel pronounced is short.
e.g.: bat, bed, fish, buck, mug, bug, bag, hat, mat, sob, mob, gill, jug, swag, jell, gal
2. Each word must have a vowel. The vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, and y becomes a consonant when at the beginning of a word).
e.g.: I, she, bit, oh, pop, my, crack, clean, sing, bean, sweat, hat, linger, daughter, saw, sway
3. When the letter “c” is followed by any of the letters “e, i, or y,” it usually has the soft sound of “s.”
e.g.: cigarette, ciao, city, cecum, cedars, cent, cygnet, cyanide, cyber
4. When a syllable of a word ends in a silent letter “e,” the vowel that comes before the silent letter “e” is long.
e.g.: mope, rake, gene, mite, muse
5. When the letter “w” is before “or”, the “or” should be heard as “er”.
e.g.: world, Worcester, work, word, – but not sword
6. When the letter “g” is followed by the letters “e, i, or y,” it often has the soft sound of the letter “j.”
e.g.: gist, giant, gem, gym, gypsies, gybe, gynarchy
7. When a syllable has two vowels altogether, the first vowel will usually sound long and the second is silent.
e.g.: brain, beat, goat, view, way, strain, lean, main
8. For two consonants that join together and form one new sound are called ‘consonant digraphs’. They are counted as one sound.
e.g.: ch for watch, sh for smash, th for thorn, ph for graph, wh for where, wr for wrong, kn for knack, ng for knowing
9. For a syllable that ends in a vowel and is the only vowel, that vowel is usually long.
e.g.: “la/ter, me, mu/sic, ta/ble, fu/ture, vi/sit, be/come, I, o/pen, u/nique, my/self”
10. For a vowel that is followed by the letter “r” in the same syllable, the vowel is neither long nor short.
e.g.: warm, charm, term, fart, surf, burn, learn, su/gar, or/der, bor/der, wi/ser, shor/ter, bar/ten/der
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